Which battery type is characterized by low cost, low efficiency, and high environmental impact?

The lead-acid battery is characterized by its low cost, making it a common choice for applications like automotive starting, lighting, and ignition systems. Despite its affordability, it has lower efficiency compared to other battery technologies; it typically has a lower energy density and a shorter cycle life. The environmental impact of lead-acid batteries is significant because they contain harmful lead and sulfuric acid, which can pose risks if not properly handled or recycled. Although other battery types have their own advantages and disadvantages, lead-acid batteries stand out for their combination of low cost, inefficiency, and notable environmental concerns, particularly due to the potential for lead contamination if the batteries are disposed of improperly.