What does the cradle to grave philosophy consider?

The cradle to grave philosophy encompasses the entire lifecycle of a product, from its initial design and manufacturing stages through to its end of life and disposal. This comprehensive perspective allows designers and manufacturers to evaluate the environmental and social impacts of a product at every stage. By considering aspects such as material sourcing, production methods, usage, and eventual disposal or recycling, the cradle to grave approach promotes sustainability and responsible practices throughout the product's existence.

The other options are more limited in scope. Focusing solely on the recycling process overlooks the essential phases of production and use that also contribute to a product's overall impact. Similarly, concentrating exclusively on the design phase excludes critical later stages, such as manufacturing and disposal, that are integral to the cradle to grave philosophy. Lastly, marketing strategies, while important for product success, do not address the environmental concerns tied to the product lifecycle in the same holistic manner as the cradle to grave approach does.