In modular innovation, what aspect remains unchanged?

In modular innovation, the aspect that remains unchanged is the basic configuration of the product. This means that while individual components or modules can be altered, replaced, or upgraded to improve performance, functionality, or aesthetics, the overall structure and layout of the product itself do not change. This approach allows designers and engineers to innovate and enhance specific features without needing to redesign the entire product or compromise the established user experience.

For instance, in a modular smartphone design, the battery, camera, or display might be upgraded or replaced, but the essential framework and arrangement that define the smartphone's core user interface and dimensions remain consistent. This stability in configuration enables a balance between innovation and familiarity for users while supporting incremental improvements in technology without significant overhaul.

The other aspects, such as price, technology of the components, and manufacturing process, can vary or evolve with modular innovations, as these elements depend on advancements in technology or market dynamics and do not inherently rely on the foundational layout of the product.